Assets that would have been used only for strategic purposes at the discretion of military generals years ago are now widely available and their use is decentralised. The experience the Alliance gained from its operations in Afghanistan and Libya has resulted in collection assets (for example information gathering equipment such as surveillance aircraft) becoming far more accessible to military personnel, even at the lowest tactical levels. This way, Allies can have a holistic picture of whatever crisis is occurring and NATO decision-makers can make well-informed, timely and accurate decisions.
This does not mean that all Allies will automatically share everything, but rather that NATO can facilitate the procedures and technology to promote sharing while simultaneously providing information assurance (i.e., the protection of data and networks). The objective of NATO Joint ISR is to champion the concept of “need to share” over the concept of “need to know”. Sometimes this is due to security concerns, sometimes to internal procedural requirements, and sometimes to technological constraints. While all countries have their own sources and methods for the production of intelligence, it is not always easy for them to share their intelligence with Allies. Once surveillance and reconnaissance information has been obtained, intelligence specialists can analyse it, fuse it with other information from other data sources and produce the intelligence which is then used to inform military and civilian decision-makers, particularly for the planning and conduct of operations. The difference between surveillance and reconnaissance has to do with time and specificity surveillance is a more prolonged and deliberate activity, while reconnaissance missions are generally rapid and targeted to retrieve specific information. Reconnaissance: information-gathering conducted to answer a specific military question.īoth surveillance and reconnaissance can include visual observation (for example soldiers on the ground covertly watching a target, or unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) with cameras), as well as electronic observation.Surveillance: the persistent monitoring of a target and.
Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) provides the foundation for all military operations, and its principles have been used in warfare for centuries.
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